Middle Persian (a.k.a. Pahlavi, Pฤrsฤซk)
Liturgically in Zoroastrianism
Isolated |
Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth (isolated)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth (isolated)สพ, h, x
|
Book Pahlavi letter Beth (isolated)
|
Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh (isolated)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh (isolated)g, d, y
|
Old Book Pahlavi letter Daleth (isolated)
×
Old Book Pahlavi letter Daleth (isolated)d
|
Book Pahlavi letter He (isolated) |
Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh (isolated)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh (isolated)w, n, สฟ, r
|
Book Pahlavi letter Zayin (isolated) |
Book Pahlavi letter Kaph (isolated)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Kaph (isolated)k
|
Old Book Pahlavi letter Kaph (isolated) |
Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh (isolated) |
Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh (isolated)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh (isolated)l, r
|
Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadh (isolated)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadh (isolated)l
|
Old Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh (isolated)
×
Old Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh (isolated)l
|
Book Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph (isolated)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph (isolated)m, q
|
Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (isolated) |
Alternate Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (isolated)
×
Alternate Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (isolated)s
|
Book Pahlavi letter Pe (isolated) |
Book Pahlavi letter Sadhe (isolated) |
Book Pahlavi letter Shin (isolated) |
Book Pahlavi letter Taw (isolated) |
Initial |
Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth variant 1 (initial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth variant 1 (initial)สพ, h, x
|
Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh variant 1 (initial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh variant 1 (initial)g, d, y
|
Book Pahlavi letter Zayin variant 1 (initial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Zayin variant 1(initial)z
|
Old Book Pahlavi letter Kaph (initial) |
Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh variant 1 (initial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh variant 1 (initial)r
|
Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh variant 1 (initial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh variant 1 (initial)l, r
|
Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadh (initial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadh (initial)l
|
Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (initial) |
Alternate Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (initial)
×
Alternate Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (initial)s
|
Book Pahlavi letter Shin (initial) |
||||||||||
Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth variant 2 (initial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth variant 2 (initial)สพ, h, x
|
Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh variant 2 (initial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh variant 2 (initial)g, d, y
|
Book Pahlavi letter Zayin variant 2 (initial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Zayin variant 2 (initial)z
|
Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh variant 2 (initial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh variant 2 (initial)r
|
Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh variant 2 (initial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh variant 2 (initial)l, r
|
||||||||||||||||
Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth variant 3 (initial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth variant 3 (initial)สพ, h, x
|
Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh variant 3 (initial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh variant 3 (initial)g, d, y
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Medial |
Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth variant 1 (medial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth variant 1 (medial)สพ, h, x
|
Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh variant 1 (medial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh variant 1 (medial)g, d, y
|
Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh variant 1 (medial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh variant 1 (medial)r
|
Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh variant 1 (medial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh variant 1 (medial)l, r
|
Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadh (medial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadh (medial)l
|
Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (medial) |
Alternate Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (medial)
×
Alternate Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (medial)s
|
Book Pahlavi letter Shin (medial) |
||||||||||||
Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth variant 2 (medial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth variant 2 (medial)สพ, h, x
|
Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh variant 2 (medial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh variant 2 (medial)g, d, y
|
Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh variant 2 (medial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh variant 2 (medial)r
|
Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh variant 2 (medial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh variant 2 (medial)l, r
|
|||||||||||||||||
Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth variant 3 (medial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth variant 3 (medial)สพ, h, x
|
Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh variant 3 (medial)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh variant 3 (medial)g, d, y
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Final |
Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth (final)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth (final)สพ, h, x
|
Book Pahlavi letter Beth (final)
|
Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh (final)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh (final)g, d, y
|
Old Book Pahlavi letter Daleth (final)
×
Old Book Pahlavi letter Dalethd
|
Book Pahlavi letter He (final) |
Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh (final)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh (final)w, n, สฟ, r
|
Book Pahlavi letter Zayin (final) |
Book Pahlavi letter Kaph variant 1 (final)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Kaph variant 1 (final)k
|
Old Book Pahlavi letter Kaph (final) |
Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh variant 1 (final)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh variant 1 (final)r
|
Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh variant 2 (final)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh variant 2 (final)l, r
|
Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadh (final)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadh (final)l
|
Old Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh (final)
×
Old Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh (final)l
|
Book Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph (final) |
Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (final) |
Alternate Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (final)
×
Alternate Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (final)s
|
Book Pahlavi letter Pe variant 1 (final) |
Book Pahlavi letter Sadhe (final) |
Book Pahlavi letter Shin (final) |
Book Pahlavi letter Taw (final) |
Book Pahlavi letter Kaph variant 2 (final)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Kaph variant 2 (final)k
|
Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh variant 1 (final)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh variant 1 (final)r
|
Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh variant 2 (final)
×
Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh variant 2 (final)l, r
|
Book Pahlavi letter Pe variant 2 (final) |
|||||||||||||||||
Book Pahlavi letter Pe variant 3 (final) |
The opening of Kar-Namag i Ardashir i Pabagan, hand-written by Nyberg. (Description and transliteration - here)
| Writing Script | Head of ox | House plan | Throw stick | Nile tilapia | Man with arms raised | Pear shaped mace | Two diagonal strokes | Plan of rectangular enclosure | Heart and trachea | Arm with downward facing palm | Hand | Crook | Water ripple | Cobra | Reed column | Eye | Mouth | Rush with shoots | Cord on stick | Head | Bow | Crossed sticks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Logography
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1๐พHead of Ox
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1๐House plan
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14๐Throw stick
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1๐Bulti fish
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28๐Man with arms raised
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3๐Pear shaped mace
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4๐ญTwo diagonal strokes
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. 06
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O6๐Plan of rectangular enclosure
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35๐คHeart and windpipe
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42๐ฃArm with downward facing palm
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46๐งHand
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39๐ฟCrook
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35๐Water ripple
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10๐Cobra
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11๐ฝReed column
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4๐นEye
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21๐Mouth
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22๐Rush with roots
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24๐Cord on stick
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1๐ถHead
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a๐Bow
|
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9๐ดCrossed sticks
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inscriptional Pahlavi (Parent) | Abjad
|
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Aleph
×
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Aleph๐ญ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ญสพ
|
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Beth
×
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Beth๐ญก๐ญก๐ญb
|
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Gimel
×
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Gimel๐ญข๐ญข๐ญ๐ญg
|
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Daleth
×
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Daleth๐ญฃ๐ญฃ๐ญซ๐ญฒd
|
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter He
×
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter He๐ญค๐ญคh
|
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh
×
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh๐ญฅw, สฟ, r
|
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Zayin
×
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Zayin๐ญฆ๐ญฆ๐ญฉ๐ญญz
|
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Heth
×
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Heth๐ญง๐ญง๐ญฒh
|
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Teth
×
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Teth๐ญจ๐ญจ๐ญฒt
|
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Yodh
×
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Yodh๐ญฉ๐ญฉ๐ญฃj
|
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Kaph
×
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Kaph๐ญช๐ญช๐ญฏk
|
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh
×
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh๐ญซ๐ญซ๐ญฌ๐ญฃl
|
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph
×
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph๐ญฌm, q
|
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Nun
×
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Nun๐ญญ๐ญญ๐ญญn
|
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Samekh
×
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Samekh๐ญฎ๐ญฎ๐ญฌ๐ญชs
|
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Pe
×
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Pe๐ญฏ๐ญฏp
|
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Sadhe
×
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Sadhe๐ญฐ๐ญฐ๐ญฃs
|
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Shin
×
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Shin๐ญฑ๐ญฑ๐ญญsh
|
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Taw
×
Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Taw๐ญฒ๐ญฒ๐ญฅt
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Psalter Pahlavi (Sibling) | Abjad
|
Psalter Pahlavi letter Aleph
×
Psalter Pahlavi letter Aleph๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎสพ
|
Psalter Pahlavi letter Beth
×
Psalter Pahlavi letter Beth๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎb
|
Psalter Pahlavi letter Gimel
×
Psalter Pahlavi letter Gimel๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎg
|
Psalter Pahlavi letter Daleth
×
Psalter Pahlavi letter Daleth๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎd
|
Psalter Pahlavi letter He
×
|
Psalter Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh
×
Psalter Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh๐ฎw, สฟ, r
|
Psalter Pahlavi letter Zayin
×
Psalter Pahlavi letter Zayin๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎz
|
Psalter Pahlavi letter Heth
×
Psalter Pahlavi letter Heth๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎh
|
Psalter Pahlavi letter Yodh
×
Psalter Pahlavi letter Yodh๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎj
|
Psalter Pahlavi letter Kaph
×
Psalter Pahlavi letter Kaph๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎk
|
Psalter Pahlavi letter Lamadh
×
Psalter Pahlavi letter Lamadh๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎl
|
Psalter Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph
×
Psalter Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph๐ฎm, q
|
Psalter Pahlavi letter Nun
×
Psalter Pahlavi letter Nun๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎn
|
Psalter Pahlavi letter Samekh
×
Psalter Pahlavi letter Samekh๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎs
|
Psalter Pahlavi letter Pe
×
Psalter Pahlavi letter Pe๐ฎ๐ฎp
|
Psalter Pahlavi letter Sadhe
×
Psalter Pahlavi letter Sadhe๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎs
|
Psalter Pahlavi letter Shin
×
Psalter Pahlavi letter Shin๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎsh
|
Psalter Pahlavi letter Taw
×
Psalter Pahlavi letter Taw๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎt
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Book Pahlavi | Abjad
|
Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth
|
Book Pahlavi letter Beth
|
Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh
×
Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodhg, d, y
|
Old Book Pahlavi letter Daleth
×
Old Book Pahlavi letter Dalethd
|
Book Pahlavi letter He |
Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh
×
Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Reshw, n, สฟ, r
|
Book Pahlavi letter Zayin |
Book Pahlavi letter Kaph
Old Book Pahlavi letter Kaph |
Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh
Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh
Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadh
×
Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadhl
Old Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh
×
Old Book Pahlavi letter Lamedhl
|
Book Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph |
Book Pahlavi letter Samekh
Alternate Book Pahlavi letter Samekh |
Book Pahlavi letter Pe |
Book Pahlavi letter Sadhe |
Book Pahlavi letter Shin |
Book Pahlavi letter Taw |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Avestan (Child) | Alphabet
|
Avestan letter A
|
Avestan letter Be
|
Avestan letter De
|
Avestan letter Ne
Avestan letter I
Avestan letter Re
Avestan letter Ae
|
Avestan letter Ze
|
Avestan letter Ke
Avestan letter Ghe
|
Avestan letter Me
|
Avestan letter Se
|
Avestan letter Pe
|
Avestan letter She
|
Avestan letter Te
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1. Pandey, A. (2018). Preliminary proposal to encode Book Pahlavi in Unicode. Unicode.org. https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2018/18276-book-pahlavi.pdf
2. Pournader, R. (2013). Preliminary proposal to encode the Book Pahlavi script in the Unicode Standard. Retrieved February 3, 2024, from Unicode.org website: https://unicode.org/L2/L2013/13141-book-pahlavi.pdf
3. Everson M, Pournader R (2007). "L2/07-207R: Proposal for encoding the Inscriptional Parthian, Inscriptional Pahlavi, and Psalter Pahlavi scripts in the SMP of the UCSโ Retrieved February 3, 2024, from unicode.org website: https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07207r-n3286r-parthian-pahlavi.pdf
4. Colless, Brian E (1990). "The proto-alphabetic inscriptions of Sinai". Abr-Nahrain / Ancient Near Eastern Studies. 28: 1โ52. doi:10.2143/anes.28.0.525711
5. Colless, Brian E (1991). "The proto-alphabetic inscriptions of Canaan". Abr-Nahrain / Ancient Near Eastern Studies. 29: 18โ66. doi:10.2143/anes.29.0.525718
6. Everson M, Pournader R (2007). "L2/07-207R: Proposal for encoding the Inscriptional Parthian, Inscriptional Pahlavi, and Psalter Pahlavi scripts in the SMP of the UCSโ Retrieved Janurary 18, 2024, from unicode.org website: https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07207r-n3286r-parthian-pahlavi.pdf
7. Daniels, P. T., & Bright, W. (Eds.). (1996). The worldโs writing systems. Oxford University Press.
8. Hoffmann, K. (1989). Avestan language. Encyclopaedia Iranica, 3, 47โ52.