Rhaetic
Eastern Alps
Rhaetic letter A
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Rhaetic letter E
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Rhaetic letter Ve
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Rhaetic letter Ze
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Rhaetic letter He
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Rhaetic letter I
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Rhaetic letter Ka
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Rhaetic letter El
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Rhaetic letter Em
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Rhaetic letter En
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Rhaetic letter Pe
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Rhaetic letter She
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Rhaetic letter Er
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Rhaetic letter Es
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Rhaetic letter Te
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Rhaetic letter U
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Rhaetic letter Phe
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Rhaetic letter Khe
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Rhaetic letter Tse
×
Rhaetic letter Tse๐ฏts |
Rhaetic letter A (variant 1)
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Rhaetic letter A (variant 2)
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Rhaetic letter A (variant 3)
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Rhaetic letter E (variant 1)
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Rhaetic letter E (variant 2)
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Rhaetic letter Ze (variant 1)
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Rhaetic letter Ze (variant 2)
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Rhaetic letter El (variant 1)
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Rhaetic letter El (variant 2)
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Rhaetic letter El (variant 3)
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Rhaetic letter Pe (variant 1)
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Rhaetic letter Pe (variant 2)
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Rhaetic letter Pe (variant 3)
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Rhaetic letter Pe (variant 4)
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Rhaetic letter She (variant 1)
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Rhaetic letter She (variant 2)
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Rhaetic letter Er (variant 1)
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Rhaetic letter Er (variant 2)
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Rhaetic letter Es (variant 1)
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Rhaetic letter Es (variant 2)
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Rhaetic letter Te (variant 1)
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Rhaetic letter Te (variant 2)
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Rhaetic letter Phe (variant 1)
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Rhaetic letter Phe (variant 2)
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Rhaetic letter Khe (variant 1)
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Rhaetic letter Khe (variant 2)
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Rhaetic letter Tse (variant 1)
×
Rhaetic letter Tse (variant 1)๐ฏts |
Rhaetic letter Tse (variant 2)
×
Rhaetic letter Tse (variant 2)ts |
Rhaetic letter Tse (variant 3)
×
Rhaetic letter Tse (variant 3)๐ฎts |
Rhaetic letter Tse (variant 4)
×
Rhaetic letter Tse (variant 4)ts |
Bronze plaque. 6 c. BCE - 5 c. BCE. Ampass, Tyrol, Austria.
(Transliteration and English description - here)
| Writing Script | Head of ox | House plan | Throw stick | Nile tilapia | Man with arms raised | Pear shaped mace | Two diagonal strokes | Plan of rectangular enclosure | Heart and trachea | Arm with downward facing palm | Hand | Crook | Water ripple | Cobra | Reed column | Eye | Mouth | Rush with shoots | Cord on stick | Head | Bow | Crossed sticks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Logography
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1๐พHead of Ox
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1๐House plan
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14๐Throw stick
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1๐Bulti fish
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28๐Man with arms raised
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3๐Pear shaped mace
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4๐ญTwo diagonal strokes
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. 06
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O6๐Plan of rectangular enclosure
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35๐คHeart and windpipe
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42๐ฃArm with downward facing palm
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46๐งHand
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39๐ฟCrook
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35๐Water ripple
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10๐Cobra
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11๐ฝReed column
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4๐นEye
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21๐Mouth
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22๐Rush with roots
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24๐Cord on stick
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1๐ถHead
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a๐Bow
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9
×
Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9๐ดCrossed sticks
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| Etruscan (Parent) | Alphabet 8 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE |
Etruscan letter A
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Etruscan letter Be
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Etruscan letter Ke
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Etruscan letter De
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Etruscan letter E
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Etruscan letter Ve
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Etruscan letter U
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Etruscan letter Ze
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Etruscan letter He
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Etruscan letter The
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Etruscan letter I
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Etruscan letter Ka
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Etruscan letter El
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Etruscan letter Em
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Etruscan letter En
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Etruscan letter Esh
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Etruscan letter O
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Etruscan letter Pe
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Etruscan letter She
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Etruscan letter Ku
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Etruscan letter Er
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Etruscan letter Es
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Etruscan letter Te
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Etruscan letter Phe
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Etruscan letter Eks
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Etruscan letter Khe
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| Latin (Sibling) | Alphabet 7 c. BCE - Present |
![]() Latin letter A (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter A (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter B (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter B (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter C (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter C (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter G (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter G (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter D (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter D (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter E (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter E (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter F (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter F (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter Y (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter Y (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter V (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter V (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter U (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter U (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter W (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter W (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter Z (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter Z (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter H (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter H (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter I (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter I (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter J (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter J (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter K (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter K (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter L (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter L (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter M (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter M (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter N (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter N (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter O (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter O (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter P (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter P (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter Q (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter Q (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter R (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter R (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter S (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter S (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter T (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter T (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter X (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter X (minuscule) |
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| Faliscan (Sibling) | Alphabet 7 c. BCE - 2 c. BCE |
Faliscan letter A
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Faliscan letter Ke
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Faliscan letter De
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Faliscan letter E
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Faliscan letter U
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Faliscan letter Ze
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Faliscan letter He
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Faliscan letter I
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Faliscan letter Ka
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Faliscan letter El
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Faliscan letter Em
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Faliscan letter En
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Faliscan letter O
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Faliscan letter Pe
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Faliscan letter Ku
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Faliscan letter Er
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Faliscan letter Es
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Faliscan letter Te
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| Lepontic (Sibling) | Alphabet 6 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE |
Lepontic letter A
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Lepontic letter Ke
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Lepontic letter E
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Lepontic letter Ve
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Lepontic letter U
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Lepontic letter Ze
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Lepontic letter The
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Lepontic letter I
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Lepontic letter Ka
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Lepontic letter El
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Lepontic letter Em
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Lepontic letter En
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Lepontic letter O
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Lepontic letter Pe
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Lepontic letter She
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Lepontic letter Er
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Lepontic letter Es
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Lepontic letter Te
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Lepontic letter Khe
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| Venetic (Sibling) | Alphabet 6 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE |
Venetic letter A
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Venetic letter E
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Venetic letter Ve
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Venetic letter U
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Venetic letter Ze
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Venetic letter He
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Venetic letter The
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Venetic letter I
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Venetic letter Ka
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Venetic letter El
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Venetic letter Em
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Venetic letter En
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Venetic letter O
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Venetic letter Pe
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Venetic letter She
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Venetic letter Er
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Venetic letter Es
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Venetic letter Te
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Venetic letter Phe
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Venetic letter Khe
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| South Picene (Sibling) | Alphabet 6 c. BCE - 3 c. BCE |
South Picene letter A
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South Picene letter Be
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South Picene letter Ke
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South Picene letter De
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South Picene letter E
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South Picene letter Ve
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South Picene letter U
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South Picene letter He/ร
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South Picene letter I
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South Picene letter Ka
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South Picene letter El
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South Picene letter Em
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South Picene letter En
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South Picene letter O
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South Picene letter Pe
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South Picene letter Ku
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South Picene letter Er
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South Picene letter Es
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South Picene letter Te
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| Camunian (Sibling) | Alphabet 5 c. BCE - 50 CE |
Camunian letter A
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Camunian letter Be
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Camunian letter Ke
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Camunian letter E
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Camunian letter U
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Camunian letter Ze
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Camunian letter The
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Camunian letter I
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Camunian letter Ka
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Camunian letter El
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Camunian letter Em
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Camunian letter En
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Camunian letter O
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Camunian letter Pe
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Camunian letter She
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Camunian letter Ku
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Camunian letter Er
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Camunian letter Es
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Camunian letter Te
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Camunian letter Ge
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| Oscan (Sibling) | Alphabet 4 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE |
Oscan letter A
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Oscan letter Be
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Oscan letter Ge
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Oscan letter De
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Oscan letter E
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Oscan letter Ve
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Oscan letter U
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Oscan letter Ze
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Oscan letter He
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Oscan letter I
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Oscan letter Ka
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Oscan letter El
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Oscan letter Em
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Oscan letter En
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Oscan letter Pe
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Oscan letter Er
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Oscan letter Es
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Oscan letter Te
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| Umbrian (Sibling) | Alphabet 4 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE |
Umbrian letter A
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Umbrian letter Be
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Umbrian letter E
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Umbrian letter Ve
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Umbrian letter U
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Umbrian letter Ze
|
Umbrian letter He
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Umbrian letter The
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Umbrian letter I
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Umbrian letter Ka
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Umbrian letter El
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Umbrian letter Em
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Umbrian letter En
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Umbrian letter Pe
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Umbrian letter She
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Umbrian letter Er
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Umbrian letter Es
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Umbrian letter Te
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| Rhaetic | Alphabet 5 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE |
Rhaetic letter A
|
Rhaetic letter E
|
Rhaetic letter Ve
|
Rhaetic letter U
|
Rhaetic letter Ze
|
Rhaetic letter He
|
Rhaetic letter I
|
Rhaetic letter Ka
|
Rhaetic letter El
|
Rhaetic letter Em
|
Rhaetic letter En
|
Rhaetic letter Pe
|
Rhaetic letter She
|
Rhaetic letter Er
|
Rhaetic letter Es
|
Rhaetic letter Te
|
Rhaetic letter Phe
|
Rhaetic letter Khe
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2. Daniels, P. T., & Bright, W. (Eds.). (1996). The worldโs writing systems. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
3. Morandi, A. (1998). Osservazioni su alcuni aspetti della documentazione. In Revue belge de philologie et dโhistoire 76 (pp. 99โ124).
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9. Little, C. C. (2011). Proposal to Encode Additional Old Italic Characters. Retrieved December 20, 2025, from unicode.org website: https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11146r-old-italic.pdf
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12. Ciurli, F. (n.d.). Celtic, Lepontic. Mnamon. Retrieved December 20, 2025, from https://mnamon.sns.it/index.php?page=Scrittura&id=59&lang=en
13. Montagnaro, L. (n.d.). Venetic. Mnamon. Retrieved December 20, 2025, from https://mnamon.sns.it/index.php?page=Scrittura&id=31&lang=en
14. Morandi, A. (2004). Epigrafia e lingua dei Celti dโItalia. Civiltร DellโItalia Antica, II.
15. South Picene. (n.d.). Mnamon. Retrieved December 20, 2025, from https://mnamon.sns.it/index.php?page=Scrittura&id=62&lang=en
16. Oscan. (n.d.). Mnamon. Retrieved December 20, 2025, from https://mnamon.sns.it/index.php?page=Scrittura&id=24&lang=en
17. Ventriglia, A. (n.d.). Umbrian. Mnamon. Retrieved December 20, 2025, from https://mnamon.sns.it/index.php?page=Scrittura&id=36&lang=en
18. Allen, J. P. (2014).ย Middle Egyptian: An introduction to the language and culture of hieroglyphs. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
19. Albright, William F. (1966). The Proto-Sinaitic Inscriptions and their Decipherment.
20. Davidson, L. (2022, March 18). How the Phoenician Alphabet Revolutionised Language. Retrieved December 20, 2025, from historyhit.com website: https://www.historyhit.com/how-the-phoenician-alphabet-revolutionised-language/
21. Bakker, E. J. (Ed.). (2010). A companion to the ancient Greek language: Bakker/A companion to the ancient Greek language. Wiley-Blackwell.